All motors have a permanent nameplate which lists all important data, further data is usually available in the motor catalogue. The direction is changed by reversing the polarity on the leads. This 3 phase motor is also called as an asynchronous motor. If a seried dc motor has a laminated stator frame, it can run effectively htt l d iki di iki di 667 from an ac supply as well as dc, this is the. A special woundrotor ac motor, however, has controllable speed and torque. An887, ac induction motor fundamentals microchip technology. Stator core the stator is the stationary part of the motors electromagnetic circuit. The ac electric motor used in a vfd system is usually a threephase induction motor. An induction motor or asynchronous motor is an ac electric motor in which the electric current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding.
General performance motors form the basic motor series in the ie2 efficiency class, with less optional features than for process performance motors, but available off. Describe how a squirrel cage motor is built, and classify it as either an induction motor or a synchronous motor. A variablefrequency drive is a device used in a drive system consisting of the following three main subsystems. This includes chamfering, corner radii, draft angles, screw threads, detailed screw head shapes, etc. Be sure the motor shaft key is captive before the motor is energized. Regardless of size, all electrical generators, whether dc or ac, depend upon the principle of. Mpseries lowinertia servo motor with 100 mm to 165 mm frame size prolonging motor life proper design and maintenance can increase the life of a servo motor. Since a commutator motor can operate at a much higher speed than an induction motor, it. The basic idea of an electric motor is to generate two magnetic fields. Ac commutator motors may be either singlephase or polyphase. What details a motor nameplate shows and how to use them photo credit. The design, construction, and the modes of operation are different.
The contention does not fully account for the fact that the power reduction from using an energyefficient motor is greater than the extra power required by the load hence, there is a net energy savings and the motor will run cooler, potentially extending insulation life. The step angle is related to motor construction details. What is common to all the members of this family is that the basic physical process involved in their operation is the conversion of electromagnetic energy. Servo motor ac servosmelservo drive products cad data. The speed at which an induction motor operates is dependent upon the input power frequency. The rotor magnetic field may be produced by permanent magnets, reluctance. Nov 06, 2018 a typical servo motor comprises of three wires namely power, control, and ground. The brushless dc motor, actually an ac motor, is replacing the conventional brushed dc motor in many applications. There are many types of ac motors, but this course focuses on threephase induction motors, the most common type of motor used in industrial applications.
Since a commutator motor can operate at a much higher speed than an induction motor, it can output more power than a similar size induction motor. The ac motor commonly consists of two basic parts, an outside stator having coils supplied with alternating current to produce a rotating magnetic field, and an inside rotor attached to the output shaft producing a second rotating magnetic field. Ac motor, main drive controller assembly, and driveoperator interface 210211. Universal universal motors can operate at approximately the same speed and output on either dc or singlephase ac power.
Ac motors ac motors are used worldwide in many applications to transform electrical energy into mechanical energy. And, the stepper motor, a digital version of the motor, is driven by alternating current square waves, again, generated by solidstate circuitry. Consequently, the rated output of 100 horsepower should be derated to approximately 82 hp to reduce the possibility of damage to the motor. Induction motors in practice what controls the speed of an ac motor. Always provide a drip loop in each cable to carry liquids away from the connection to the motor.
Over 30 years ago, ac drives were considered new technology. An introduction to electric motors stmicroelectronics. For instance, a 100 horsepower, threephase motor operating with voltages of 598, 575 and 552 applied at the motor terminals is running with a 4% voltage unbalance 100 x 23575. Applications of the motor, usage of brushes and the maintenance cost of the motor. The following specifications documents and dimension charts are available as acrobat pdf files. Understanding motor nameplate information nema vs iec. An induction motors rotor can be either wound type or squirrelcage type. If a company wanted to have reliable production, it should stick with known, proven. An ac motor of this type may be part of a pump or fan or. The national electric code requires that motor nameplates include the following information in addition to the manufacturer. Mpseries lowinertia servo motor with 100 mm to 165 mm.
Other motors that are included are 1phase induction motors, permanent synchronous motors and synchronous reluctance motors. Ac motor, main drive controller assembly, and driveoperator interface 210211 ac motor. Small motor rule, open drip proof, single and three phase motors. A synchronous motor is often used where the exact speed of a motor must be maintained. It is logical that the least expensive, lowest maintenance type. As it will be shown later, alternators operate with both alternating ac and directcurrent dc. It is an indication of how much of the input electrical energy is converted to output mechanical energy. Explain how this motor can be operated as either a synchronous motor or a plain induction motor.
When the motor is coupled to equipment, ensure that system vibrations are within acceptable limit per iso 108161 to avoid failure of the motor. What details a motor nameplate shows and how to use them. In general, the induction motor is cheaper and easier to maintain compared to other alternatives. Almost all the domestic appliances such as refrigerators, fans. Ac motor types phase type typical rpm starting torque as percent of fullload torque comparative. This conversion is usually obtained through the generation of a magnetic field by means of a current flowing into one or more coils. Safe running speed for the squirrelcage induction motors. Alternating current motors or ac motors are built on the principle that nikola tesla discovered in the late 19th century. Ac motors include single, multiphase, universal, induction, synchronous, and gear motors. This 208230460 v motor will have degraded performance at 208 v. Shapes that are not essential to the layout are omitted. Its operation is based on the principle that when a current carrying conductor is placed in a. Search wegspecificationofelectricmotors50039409manual. Details of the shape data are partly simplified to reduce the file size.
Another common misconception is to request a motor rated at network voltage. In a dc motor, the magnet and its magnetic field is fixed in place and forms the outside, static part of the motor the stator, while a coil of wire carrying the electric current forms the rotating part of the motor the rotor. Unless otherwise the name plate specifies, all the squirrelcage, 3 phase, induction motors lower than v and smaller than 315 frame size can safely run continuously at the speed in the table below. Nec class and group are designated on ul hazardous location nameplate mounted on motor. Model number m800006 outline dimension drawing see figure 4 nameplate data 1 see figure 5 rated frequency 50 hz motor location indoor altitude less than meters relative humidity less than 90% ambient temp 40 degrees c max duty type continuous weight approx. Lathes, drills, boring mills, shapers, spinning, and weaving machines series motor. To some, motor speed control is somewhat of a mystical science, a science that causes motors and machines to sometimes operate in unexpected ways. The three phase ac motors are mostly applied in the industry for bulk power conversion from electrical to mechanical.
It is logical that the least expensive, lowest maintenance type motor should be used most often. The maximum torque is limited by the current rating of the motor and it is obtained at zero speed startup. Ac motors which run at fixed speed, without slip, and are generally applied for large. The commutation process, types, starting of the motor, a number of terminals. We have all seen the motor nameplate attached on the motor side or on top. The ac induction motor is well suited to applications requiring constant speed operation. Dc or direct current motors work in particular situations whereby the speed of the motor needs to be externally controlled. The principle of operation of this motor is based on. Based on a modular designandbuild principle, each component and design detail of abb high voltage modular induction motors is engineered and manufactured to maximize performance and provide a low cost of ownership over a long and productive operating life. Ac commutator motors ac motors electronics textbook. Ie5 synchronous reluctance motors, 9akk107743 en 122019.
Nameplate data for different equipment types motors. The threephase ac induction motor is a rotating electric machine that is designed to operate on a threephase supply. In synchronous ac motors, the rotor turns at exactly the same speed as the rotating magnetic field. Jan 06, 2019 ac series motors are also known as the modified dc series motor as their construction is very similar to that of the dc series motor. A typical servo motor comprises of three wires namely power, control, and ground.
The stator and rotor do the work, and the enclosure protects the stator and rotor. In the year 1821 british scientist michael faraday explained the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy by placing a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field which resulted in the rotation of the conductor due to the torque produced by the mutual action of electrical current and field. California transparency in supply chain act of 2010 disclosures. Understanding motor nameplate information nema vs iec standards course content the motor standards can be grouped into two major categories. Difference between dc and ac motors difference between. A common example is a motor wound for 230 and 460 v 230460 v but operable on 208 v. Mpseries lowinertia servo motor with 100 mm to 165 mm frame. The theoretical speed of the rotor in an induction motor depends on the frequency of.
This motor is used when large starting torque is required. In north america, the national electric manufacturers association nema sets motor standards. The motor is controlled by applying a voltage to the motor leads. The ac induction motor is the most used electrical motor in industrial applications worldwide. Motor speed relationship the synchronous speed of an ac motor is the speed of the rotating magnetic field set up by the stator winding synchronous speed rpm 120 x frequency divided by the number of poles.
Technical data abb modular induction motors abb high. For small power conversion, the single phase ac motors are mostly used. Dc motors although ac motors are used in most of the cases, dc motors have many applications and used for multipurpose applications. Note the following details of the code protection feature on microchip devices. The motor standards can be grouped into two major categories. The singlephase ac version suffers a double line frequency torque pulsation, not present in the polyphase motor. Describe the placement of stator windings in twophase, ac motors using rotating fields.
An ac motor is an electric motor driven by an alternating current ac. What is common to all the members of this family is that the basic physical process involved in their operation is the conversion of electromagnetic energy to mechanical energy, and vice versa. The applications of woundrotor ac motors are markedly different from squirrelcage ac motors because of the rotor circuits accessibility. Some types of singlephase motors or synchronous motors can be advantageous in some situations, but. Dc motor principle a machine that converts dc power into mechanical energy is known as dc motor. Before we move on to ac motors, lets quickly summarize whats going on here. The single phase ac motor is nearly small in size, and it provides a variety of services in the home, office, business concerns, factories, etc. This type of motor has three main parts, rotor, stator, and enclosure. The principle of an ac motor is that electric current is applied to electromagnets, creating a rotating magnetic field to convert electrical energy to rotation mechanical energy. In north america, the national electric manufacturers association nema sets motor standards, including what should go on the nameplate nema standard mg 110. Induction motor theory jerry bednarczyk, pe course content introduction the ac induction motor is well suited to applications requiring constant speed operation.
The shape and size of these motors depends on their applications. Universal motors are also known as an ac dc motors. The higher the percentage, the more efficiently the motor. On the other hand ac or alternating current electric motors are used in a completely different process drawing upon the kind of ac motor being used. Motor guide february 2014 low voltage motors motor guide. Threephase ac induction motors are commonly used in industrial applications. The theory used in the work was collected by studying literature on how electrical motors work, and by simplifying the explanations to suit the intended reader. Difference between ac and dc motor the ac motor and the dc motor are differentiated on the various factors like the source or the nature of the power used in the motor. Dec 02, 2009 threephase ac induction motors are commonly used in industrial applications. The figure above shows the family tree of the ac motors described in this chapter. Mechanical energy what is an electric motor an electric motor is a device converting electrical energy into mechanical energy usually a torque. In an ac induction motor, one set of electromagnets is formed in the.
Ac series motors are also known as the modified dc series motor as their construction is very similar to that of the dc series motor. Singlephase induction motor threephase induction motor singlephase induction motor there are probably more singlephase ac induction motors in use today than the total of all the other types put together. Other unlisted or specialized ac motor construction. Follow these guidelines to maximize the life of a servo motor within your environment. For more details see influence of the frequency inverter on the motor. Introduction to ac motors ac motors electronics textbook. The characteristics of a shunt motor reveal that it is an approximately constant speed motor. Basic construction of 3phase ac induction motors you should. Ac motor types motors generally consist of two basic assemblies. This section gives background on various ac motor types, and the control and protection practices commonly used for these.
Obtaining the ac motors performance characteristic is a matter of inserting different resistance values in the rotor circuit. An outside stationary stator having coils supplied with ac current to produce a rotating magnetic field, and an inside rotor. The stator, or stationary part, and the rotor, or rotating part. What do all those things on an ac motor nameplate mean. Avoid long exposure in close proximity to machinery with high noise levels. An induction motor can therefore be made without electrical connections to the rotor. Furthermore, these motors exist in three energy efficiency classes.
Ac induction motors how ac motors work explain that stuff. Electrical motor types classification and history of motor. The basic operating principle of dc motor is the same as other electromagnetic motors. Rated voltages rated fullload amperage at each voltage level fla frequency typically 60 or 50hz phase single or three phase. The rotor and stator are each connected from a different power supply, this gives another degree of freedom for controlling the motor over the shunt.
Before we discuss these modifications, here it is essential to discuss what is the need and where do we need to do modifications. The induction motor is made up of the stator, or stationary windings, and the rotor. Low and high voltage electric motors instructions manual for installation operation and maintenance of electric motors date. Efficient cooling is vital for peak motor performance in all ambient operating conditions.